I know, I know. Here I go actually reading that book we all say we believe and just taking what it says as true. Silly in such a progressive age, sure, but I’m crazy that way.
I have a notebook of quotes from the Bible that I wrote down, freehand, as I read through the Bible a couple years ago. They were all scriptures about the poor and justice, and some interesting things came out of it. (I was going to write a book called God’s Heart for the Poor, which I still may write … but we’ll see …)
I’ll give a short summary here since this is a blog and not a systematic commentary and I don’t want to just copy and paste a billion scriptures. Okay, that’s an exaggeration, but there is a lot. The Bible talks about this issue A LOT.
To begin with, while poverty may be part of the curse of the Fall, the Bible never truly promises an earthly rid of poverty. That isn’t the nature of why we have compassion on those in need. A little more on that later.
Even Job, supposedly the first written book, a contemporary of Abraham, before any written scriptures or the Mosaic Law, talks at length about how part of righteousness is how you treat the poor and the widow and the orphan. You can see this as Job defends himself for being a righteous man in front of his non-helpful friends. This principle of personal compassion is consistent through the New Testament.
When you get to the Law, it is amazing the number of provisions made for the poor, everything from the Year of Jubilee to rules on how you harvested crops or lent money. The Law gets this bad rap f or being so strict and unmanageable, but Jesus calls the heart of the law “mercy and justice.” And you can see that if you don’t fall asleep reading it.
But there was an important aspect to the Law that we have to see. In the day to day operations, ie harvesting, lending, etc., the Law treated every man as a free man with a choice. In other words, there was little enforcement by any authority on most of these principles, and almost no legal punishment if they did not follow. It put the responsibility to follow these principles on the individual. Of course a judgment from God was forthcoming if they wouldn’t follow them, but it wasn’t managed by an overarching beauracracy that forced compliance. Even the Old Testament Law was designed to make the individual feel personally responsible and compassionate for his neighbor, hence the 2nd greatest commandment Jesus listed after loving God: to love your neighbor.
Other important principles in the Old Testament include the fact that poverty isn’t always the result of oppression. Laziness and foolishness bring it on, as well. In other words, sometimes poverty is the result of individual choice. But interesting enough, whether or not it was by personal choice did not come into consideration when being compassionate and giving to those in need.
Justice reached not only to the poor, but to the rich, as well. Biblically speaking, it was wrong to withhold justice from both the poor and the rich and not to judge according to either label. Some considerations in religion were made for the poor if they could not pay or provide certain things under the Old Law, but any idea of requiring more from the rich because they are rich (like a progressive income tax) is biblically unjust.
Also interesting, especially when you get to the Prophets towards the time of the exile of Judah to Babylon and onward, part of the judgment of God was to raise up the poor and lay low the rich, to essentially make the poor rich and the rich poor.
There are also some amazing promises for giving to the poor, most amazingly that “you will never lack.”
All of these ideas were, in one form or another, carried over into the New Testament. Ideas of individual obedience, personal compassion, and rights of property prevailed, even as teachings of extreme giving were common.
For instance, Jesus tells the rich young ruler to sell all he has and give it to the poor, a teaching Jesus actually made publicly to the masses, as well, as an indication of discipleship. When asked, “Who is my neighbor?” as Jesus tells us to love our neighbor, Jesus tells a story about a Samaritan who took personal responsibility to meet another’s great and dire need, at great cost to the Samaritan, differentiated from the Jews who passed by and didn’t want to be inconvenienced.
Oh, and the very clear idea of what is a need? “Food and clothing, with these be content”, the same standard mentioned by both Jesus and Paul. No mention of housing, education, occupation, or health care is ever mentioned.
Ananias and Sapphira were killed by God for “lying to the Holy Spirit”, however, and not for their lack of giving. Peter makes it clear that their property was their own to do whatever they wished. Paul makes it clear that while he seeks that the Corinthians give according to their promise, he does not require it of them and wishes them to give under NO obligation.
One more major thing of note in the New Testament: the poor are never rebuked for being poor. There are no warnings or dire judgments on them for being poor … but there are for the rich. Read the “beatitudes” in Luke and the letter from James to see what I mean.
Also absent from any discussion in the scriptures (Old Testament or New) is any indication that we should expect those in need to respond in any specific way. Their response is individual, like the responsibility of those able to give, and between them and their Creator, who will hold all accountable.
In fact, going by the Bible, Christianity is the only religion that does not promise a Utopian/perfect society on Earth if its morals were followed. Continually promised are eternal and spiritual blessings for the individual far more than any worldly ones. It could be argued that Judaism may have promised such a society, and that is probably the only difference between the teachings of the New Testament with the Old on the issue of poverty and “social justice.” In truth, the New Testament promises persecution and trouble for the righteous way more than some peaceful or prosperous life. That’s a big departure from the Old Testament.
So in conclusion, the common themes we have are individual responsibility to feel personally compassionate to those you see in need, regardless of how they came by that position, with little or no (New Testament: none) obligation or compulsion given by an authority over the individual to comply. This is what the Bible clearly teaches. You have to twist and misrepresent both Jesus and the Bible to teach anything else as Christian.
Peace.